Cerium oxide acts as a widely employed material in diverse applications. Its unique chemical and physical properties provide to its versatility. For cerium oxide nanoparticles illustration, cerium oxide is widely employed in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Moreover, it finds use in the production of glass due to its

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional properties. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable conductivity,